Fast Facts on Star Birth, Crab Nebula

Star Birth:


One possibility of triggering star birth- Two colliding galaxies can also trigger star birth in vast regions of gas and dust with in each galaxy. Most stars are born in vast nebulae, but some are born in small dark clouds called Bok globules, Just 1-2 light years across. Also Wind and ultra violet energy from stars sculpting a cavity in the surrounding gas and dust

Crab Nebula:

The Crab Nebula is the best-known supernova remnant. It consists of strands and sheets of glowing gas pushed off by the supernova explosion. At the crab's heart is a pulsar ( neutron stars detected by the beams of energy they emit), it is seen as a bright dot in X-ray image. Crab Nebula is so bright when it exploded that it was visible in the daytime.

BT Riddle

Program that solved the puzzle

#include
main() {
char a[4096];
int i,j,n;
n=read(0,a,sizeof(a)-1);
a[n]='\0';
for(i=1; i<26; i++) {
for(j=0; jif(a[j]>='a' && a[j]<='z') a[j] = 'a'+((a[j]-'a')+1)%26;
else if(a[j]>='A' && a[j]<='Z') a[j] = 'A'+((a[j]-'A')+1)%26;
}
printf("%d\n%s\n",i,a);
}
return 0;
}

This program "rotates" the alphabet by all possible amounts (1-25) and prints the message with each rotation, then you scroll through the output and see if any of them are readable.

Thank you Joe McKenzie

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How to compose music with a computer

Hello. My name is Matthew Hogan, and I am a cosmologist who also performs music under the name of "TWISTOR". I am here today to give you a few pointers on how to compose music yourselves. I work specifically in electronic, hip-hop, and film music, but these techniques are applicable to all genres of music.

The first step is acquiring the right software and hardware. This area is very flexible, depending upon your budget. Excellent songs can be made just as easily with a $500 system as with a $500,000 system. The basic thing you will need are a relatively-new computer, a microphone [sometimes included], and a DAW (digital audio workstation), usually in software form. The leading professional DAWs are Logic, Protools, Cubase, and Digital Performer, with ACID, GarageBand, and Cakewalk also being useful (there are also many freeware versions available on sites like SourceForge). Also of use would be a sound-editing program, such as Sound Forge or Audacity, if one is not already included with your DAW. Then of course you will need your instrument, which can be anything from a real guitar to a MIDI keyboard and some softsynths; many softsynths are now available as shareware or freeware. The leading commercial softsynth maker is Native Instruments, but this is just one company among thousands. Sample libraries, which contain royalty-free sounds, are another good source to begin with.

Recording instruments and voice can be a complex process, and is better covered elsewhere, so here I will focus primarily on what the steps are between recording and CD or MP3. Once you have the sounds and vocals that you want, most DAWs provide a wide variety of effects that can be applied to them to enhance your recording. These can be done either in your sound editor, or in the DAW itself. The two most useful effects are EQ (equalization, the adjustment of the sound's frequency spectrum), and reverb, which has the effect of placing the sound in a dynamic space such as a concert hall or sewer (my personal favourite). Another very useful effect is pitch-shifting and time-stretching, which can radically transform sounds. Reversing the sound can also be a very useful technique. You will want to adjust both each sound individually, and all the sounds loaded in your DAW together, to get the right mix. It is important to have a variety of frequency ranges, so that all of the sounds do not turn into a 'muddy' mess; one good way is to maximize the bass in the drums and bassline, and maximize the treble in the instrumental parts, or to have a mid-frequency cut.

When you are arranging your tracks in your DAW, ordering and pan and volume envelopes are also very important. While drum tracks do not necessarily have to be faded in and out in the interior of the track, it is often very good to do this for the instrumental parts. Depending on your style of music, you can choose to preserve the traditional verse-chorus-verse pop song structure, or to be more experimental.

For more information, Charissa Saverio (aka DJ Rap) has a very good blog on both the production side and the business side of the music industry.

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